Degradation mechanisms of alumina-chromia refractories for
· The filled alumina crucible was put in the vertical tube furnace and heated to 1180 °C to melt the mixtures. After melting the mixtures for 30 min the finger sample was inserted in the furnace and kept above the alumina crucible at a distance of 10 mm to preheat the sample for 10 min.
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· 1. Introduction. Copper is a versatile metal with a variety of industrial and residential applications such as in electronic products construction industrial machinery transportation and as alloying element in brass and bronze. 1 The pyrometallurgical processing of copper from ores or recycled scrap may comprise either batch semi-continuous or fully continuous processes thereby
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· High alumina dry linings are normally used for copper melting applications however silica linings are considered most suitable for brass alloys. KELLUNDITE 400 is a high alumina based dry-vibratable refractory especially developed for lining coreless induction furnaces melting nearly all copper
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· Creep at high temperature Creep is a time dependent property which determines the deformation in a given time and at a given temperature by a refractory material under stress. Volume stability expansion and shrinkage at high temperatures The contraction or expansion of the refractories can take place during service life.
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wedge shape high alumina refractory fire bricks High Alumina Bricks are based on alumina bauxite as main raw material by shaping and calcinating at amp#8451 high alumina brick can with stand high tempreture up to 1790 amp#8451. 2.Chemical erosion resistance.
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· Creep at high temperature Creep is a time dependent property which determines the deformation in a given time and at a given temperature by a refractory material under stress. Volume stability expansion and shrinkage at high temperatures The contraction or expansion of the refractories can take place during service life.
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· To assess the viability of an alumina-chromia refractory alternative for secondary copper smelters the degradation behavior of alumina-chromia refractories in a secondary copper smelting slag and a Cu-Cu x O mixture was studied via lab scale refractory finger testing. Microstructural characterization of the worn refractory samples resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the
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· The bricks are fired in a tunnel kiln by high pressure molding or vibration pressure molding. The firing temperature is 1390 1400 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 10 16h. The proportion of sillimanite bricks sillimanite 30 to 40 andalusite mullite 35 to 55 super alumina 10 to 15 raw clay 5 to 10 .
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· In these furnaces alumina-chrome monolithic refractories such as phosphate-bonded JADEPAK 88P or other castables are used for areas that are difficult to brick. Refractory Materials for Copper Producers. In the following sections silicon carbide refractories manufactured by ANH Refractories suited to use by copper producers are outlined. These products have been successfully used in the copper
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· To assess the viability of an alumina-chromia refractory alternative for secondary copper smelters the degradation behavior of alumina-chromia refractories in a secondary copper smelting slag and a Cu-Cu x O mixture was studied via lab scale refractory finger testing. Microstructural characterization of the worn refractory samples resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the
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· ANH Refractories manufactures a complete line of refractories for use in copper production. These include a range of brick and castable formulations that can withstand high temperatures and the adverse effects of slag. Provided herein is a refractory selection guide for copper producers.
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· Many of the time-consuming and costly brick making processes are eliminated in the production of castables and working environments are improved. Castable formulations have been developed for almost all applications and from all refractory minerals (such as magnesia based high alumina SiC and mullite castables).
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· The products and solutions for kilns furnaces under Saint-Gobain Ceramic Systems are designed and developed for many applications to facilitate consistent and long-term performance. Our products are designed to withstand high temperatures (up to 1.800°C) and severe operating conditions. Developed and manufactured to suit all types of kilns furnaces that are typically used
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Low fractory refers to the alumina content between 10 30 SiO2 content is less than 85 semisilica brick SiO2 = 65 The SiO2 content of not less than 93 refractory material to natural quartz rock as the main raw materials are called silica silica brick silica brick quartz glass and special products.
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